The Pendulum Coursework Essay Example

The Pendulum Coursework Essay Aim: The aim of this experiment is to find out if a certain variable effects the period of a pendulum. The variable we will be testing in this project is the length of the string.Prediction: I predict that the longer the piece of string, the longer it will take the pendulum to complete one period. I also predict as the length of the string goes up by 10cm, the period will increase by roughly 0.15 seconds.Apparatus: -Piece of string (longer than 95cm)To attach and swing the weight ball off.-RulerTo measure the piece of string.-ProtractorTo measure the angle between the string and the floor soIt is the same every time.-Stop watchTo measure how long the period is-Pencil/PenTo record our results-Weight ball (40g)To attach and hang on the end of the string to weigh itDown and to make it into a pendulum.-ClampTo attach the pendulum 2 the table so it has room toSwing above the floor.-Clamp attachment fittingTo attach the string to the clamp.Method:1) Firstly, we have to determine, how many lengths we ant to compare, and also (in cm) how long each piece of string is.We have decided to go up in fives i.e. 5, 10, 15 etc2) Then we have to draw up a table o record all f our results.3) Next we have to collect all our apparatus.4) Firstly, we will measure a piece of string to the length required, plus a bit for excess to tie around the weight ball etc5) We then will set up our clamp and attach the string to the clamp attachment and in turn, attach the weight ball to the string.6) After all is set up, we will need to wind up the string around the clamp to the lowest measurement ready to begin the experiment. (we will measure it with a ruler)7) We will then pull back the string ready to begin at about 90d degrees ready to time the period. This will be our preliminary experiment.8) Whilst one person holds he string and lets go, another person times it in seconds (using a stop watch) how long it takes for the string to swing once, forward and back ant then stop the watch at the time it reaches the end of the period.9) We will then record the first result in the table.10) Because this is the preliminary experiment, we will only trial each measurement once.11) We will then continue this over and over until weve done it once for every measurement.12) After we have recorded all of our preliminary results, we will look at he ranges etcto see if we need to make any changes to the experiment.13) Next we will completely redo the whole experiment, starting at 5cm up to about 95cm at about 90 degrees.14) Finally we will find out the averages for each length and record the results on to a graph.How this will be a fair test:Because every time we do the experiment, we will only change one variable at a time and keep everything else the same i.e. the angle at 90 degrees from the floor, the weight ball of weight of 40g etcThe only variable we will change is the length of the string.Safety Precautions:We will always keep to strict safety precautions by which we will stand back from the pendulum as it swings so it doesnt hit us. We will tie our hair back so not to get caught in the pendulum and wear safety goggles to protect our eyes.Background ResearchPendulum clocks have been used to keep time since 1656, and they have not changed dramatically since then. Pendulum clocks were the first clocks made to have any sort of accuracy.A pendulum clock is made from these parts:* There is the face of the clock, with its hour and minute hand (and sometimes even a moon phase dial).* There are one or more weights (or, if the clock is more modern, a keyhole used to wind a spring inside the clock we will stick with weight-driven clocks in this article).* And, of course, there is the pendulum itself.The Weight:The weight is used so that the pendulum can run for a longer amount of time, without having to be tampered with. It acts as an energy storage device so you can leave it unattended. If you pull on the string or cord that attaches the weight upwards, you autom atically give the weight potential energy. It then uses this potential energy in a moment, as the weight falls to drive the clocks mechanism. However the weight of the weight does not effect the period of the pendulum.The pendulum consists of either a light rod or piece of string. St the end o this rod o string there is a weight attached. We know that, so long the angle of the piece of string is less than 20 degrees, the period will remain constant however, it is still not a precise measurement even then. When you have it over the angle of 20 degrees, the pendulum has to go further but at a greater velocity due to the fact that it falls from a greater height, meaning it is at a more acute angle than normal. Overall, this means that the pendulum traverses a longer distance in a shorter amount of time.The pendulum demonstrates an almost continuous perpetual motion, until it finally sops, dues to friction. The pendulum has a falling motion. The pendulum keeps a very regular beat, which is why for many years it was used in clocks.The period of a pendulum can be affected or not affected by three variables:- The weight of the pendulum.- The length of the pendulum.- The angle of which the pendulum departs.These are the main factors which people commonly presume to have an effect on the period of the pendulum; however, the weight of the pendulum has little or no effect at all, neither does the angle of which the pendulum departs. On the other hand, length of the pendulum is correct, due to the fact it has to traverse a further distance. The pendulum period is related only to the length of the pendulum and the force of gravity. However due to the fact that gravity remains constant at any particular point anywhere in the planet, this means the length of the pendulum is the only thing that effects the period of a pendulum.Preliminary TrialLength (cm)Trial 150.91100.95151.07201.18251.20301.22351.42401.47451.58501.45These results arent very accurate and dont really follow a certain pattern. Also, I dont think they cover a big enough range so we dont really get a chance to see how length effects the pendulum later on when the string is longer. Therefore, We are going to change the difference between each length from 5cm -10cm.This is the new Method:1) Firstly, we have to determine, how many lengths we ant to compare, and also (in cm) how long each piece of string is.We have decided to go up in tens i.e. 5, 15, 25 etc2) Then we have to draw up a table o record all f our results.3) Next we have to collect all our apparatus.4) Firstly, we will measure a piece of string to the length required, plus a bit for excess to tie around the weight ball etc5) We then will set up our clamp and attach the string to the clamp attachment and in turn, attach the weight ball to the string.6) After all is set up, we will need to wind up the string around the clamp to the lowest measurement ready to begin the experiment. (we will measure it with a ruler)7) We will then pu ll back the string ready to begin at about 90d degrees ready to time the period. This will be our preliminary experiment.8) Whilst one person holds he string and lets go, another person times it in seconds (using a stop watch) how long it takes for the string to swing once, forward and back ant then stop the watch at the time it reaches the end of the period.9) We will then record the first result in the table.10) Because this is the preliminary experiment, we will only trial each measurement once.11) We will then continue this over and over until weve done it once for every measurement.12) Next we will completely redo the whole experiment, starting at 5cm up to about 95cm at about 90 degrees.13) Finally we will find out the averages for each length and record the results on to a graph.ObtainingThe Table of results for altering the lengths of a pendulum and the effect it has on the periodLength (cm)TrialTrial 2Trial 3Average (of all results from all three trials)50.90 (0.9)0.51 (0.5 )0.61 (0.6)0.67 (0.7)150.87 (0.9)0.77 (0.8)0.74 (0.7)0.79 (0.8)251.28 (1.3)0.99 (1)1.05 (1.1)1.11 (1.1)351.39 (1.4)1.26 (1.3)1.26 (1.3)1.30 (1.3)451.45 (1.5)1.39 (1.4)1.52 (1.5)1.59 (1.6)551.56 (1.6)1.68 (1.7)1.76 (1.8)1.67 (1.7)651.65 (1.7)1.64 (1.6)1.74 (1.7)1.68 (1.8)751.81 (1.8)1.43 (1.4)1.42 (1.4)1.55 (1.6)852.08 (2.1)2.08 (2.1)2.04 (2)2.07 (2.1)952.21 (2.2)2.24 (2.2)2.28 (2.3)2.24 (2.2)EvaluationMy overall prediction is correct; the longer the piece of string, the longer it will take the pendulum to complete one period, however on average, it doesnt increase by 0.15 seconds, but it increases by 0.1 seconds. But still this is not accurate. I have quite a few anomalies.However, like in what I discussed in my analysis, I did make some mistakes with accuracy etc If I were to redo this experiment, then I would consider making sure I got the timings absolutely perfect. Which although would take a lot of time which I didnt have this time around, so maybe this shows to get excellent r esults you need a lot of time and it takes a lot of effort.One anomaly that in particular stands out is when the string is of length 75 cm and the result is 1.55 seconds. Whereas the result just before it is 65cm and 1.68; before this result, the trend line goes up consistently, however, when it hits this point, it goes down by 14 seconds, which is a pretty large jump and the result after it is at 85 cm and 2.07. There is then a massive jump to the next point. It goes up by 0.51 seconds, which is a massive increase. It is the biggest increase in the whole experiment. This again shows another flaw in my experiment, or maybe just reinforces the anomaly before hand.It is very low compared to 85cm but is also lower than 65 cm which cannot be right because, as we discovered, as the length of the string increases, so to does the length of the period. Therefore this is incorrect. Looking back at the table, the first trial for 75 cm is 1.81 cm, which seems pretty accurate but then for trial 2 and 3, it slips to 1.43 and 1.42 seconds. This could have happened because, the unbeknown to us the string slipped or tightened in this case, or it bashed the table or we timed it wrong by stopping the stopwatch too early or starting it too late. This is an easy mistake to make however, on the other hand, I could have measured the results before of after inaccurately in the same way, timing inaccurately. This is quite unlikely though. Again if I were to do the experiment again I would have to be more accurate.I dont think my results are that reliable, and dont always fit the formula. And there a lot of anomalies in the separate trials. If I were to do it again, I would do it in more time with more accuracy. I would maybe even do an even bigger range and perhaps another trial.Length (cm)Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4Trial 5Average (of all results)525456585105125145156185I would also check the length of the sting hadnt slipped or adjusted itself between each trial.AnalysisIf I pick t wo points on the line of best fit, near the end and the beginning:0.80 and 2.20The co-ordinates are0.80 = (3,8)2.20 = (17,22)22-8=1417-3=1414/14=144?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 39.539.5/1=39.5(39.5-9.8)/9.8 = 3.0306=33 is the percentage error so this shows my results arent completely accurate. Therefore if I were to do it again, I would need to be more accurate.Between points 25, 35,45 and 55 it goes up almost identically, very, very consistently. It goes from 1.11 (1.1) to 1.30 (1.3) to 1.59 (1.6) to 1.67 (1.7). The third goes slightly out, but they are the most accurate ones.This shows good and accurate timings, which is very good n the fact were trying to compare the length of string and the how it affects the time it takes the pendulum to complete one period.The rule for this graph is, as the length of string increases, the time it takes the pendulum to complete period increases at the same time. My graph clearly shows this as the line of best fit goes up diagonally right.tà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (4? à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½/g)L.39.5/39.5=11 times 5 = 5Therefore should be at point 5 (0.5) on the graph.Therefore our result is inaccurate.However, it does relate to my background research because it said that length would be the only variable able to change the length of the period. Also that the longer the string the longer it would take to complete a period. This means it does link closely to the background research, just not extremely accurately. The main theory does.ConclusionThe rule for this graph is, as the length of string increases, the time it takes the pendulum to complete period increases at the same time. My graph clearly shows this as the line of best fit goes up diagonally right. In my prediction I said that it goes up by roughly 0.15 in every 10cm but I think its now more closer to 0.1 seconds in every 10 cm.

Ethics and Professional Code of Conduct essay

Ethics and Professional Code of Conduct essay Ethics and Professional Code of Conduct essay Ethics and Professional Code of Conduct essayEthics and integrity are crucial for a police chief or county sheriff. The term â€Å"police ethics† can be defined as a code of values that affects conduct, behavior and decision making of police officers. Police officers should be aware of the significance of ethical behavior. The term â€Å"integrity† can be defined as a set of beliefs that contribute to the effectiveness of the agency’s operations based on the application of professional and personal ethics. In fact, integrity is a vital quality of a police officer because it includes the following concepts: honesty, morality, honor, responsibility and dedication to one’s mission. Integrity is reflected in the formal Code of Ethics. There are three major reasons that can be used to explain the importance of ethics and integrity for a police chief or county sheriff. First of all, ethics and integrity make police personnel act more confident, legally and hones tly. The Code of ethics says that all police personnel should not only act honestly, but also â€Å"be honest in thought† (Barker, 2011, p. 29). Second, ethics and integrity are important for a police chief or county sheriff because any police officer should be exemplary in obeying the established law, rules and regulations. According to researchers, â€Å"integrity is just too important to being a professional law enforcement officer that it cannot be compromised in either the officer’s personal or professional life†(Barker, 2011, p. 29). This fact means a police chief or county sheriff should serve role models, demonstrating ethical behavior and decision making. Third, ethics and integrity help police officers to promote community policing, maintaining the public trust through contact and collaboration between the police and community members.Explain how ethics, morality, and law are different, highlighting the primary focus of law enforcement officers.Ethics, morality, and law are different; therefore, law enforcement officers should be well-prepared to act ethically in different situations, following the established rules, laws and regulations and applying morality. The primary focus of law enforcement officers is to demonstrate ethical behavior, applying law and morality to different situations. Although ethics has direct relation to morality and laws, there are certain differences between these concepts (Banks, 2011). A law enforcement officer should be aware of these differences in order to make correct decisions.Recommend two (2) ways a police chief or county sheriff should use ethics and the code of conduct in decision making.As the credibility of police officers is affected by their compliance with the established laws and with standard behaviors aimed at promoting public order and safety in the community, police officer should be responsible for their conduct and decision making. Ethics and the code of conduct may help police of ficers to make the proper decisions (Banks, 2011). Two ways a police chief or county sheriff should use ethics and the code of conduct in decision making include written policies and unwritten policies. Written policies refer to the adopted documents, such as Police Code of Conduct. Unwritten policies include personal values and moral rules. A police chief or county sheriff should realize that police violence is unethical (Banks, 2011). Moreover, police unethical behavior may lead to racism and violation of human rights. Thus, police officers should use ethics and the code of conduct in decision making in order to perform their duties in a proper way, applying core values and mission statement.

The Medias Role in Terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Medias Role in Terrorism - Research Paper Example      World renown terrorists such as Osama Bin Laden and Ayman Al-Zawahiri have been known to be particularly obsessed with the media (Transnational Terrorism, Security and the Rule of Law, 2008). According to Hoffman (2006), terrorists’ obsession with the media predicated on the belief that fear is only generated when the media publicizes the terrorist attacks. Without the media coverage, the terrorist attack can only spread limited fear (Hoffman, 2006). Terrorists typically attempt to generate public resentment of government oppression and fear from the government and the public that the terrorist group is powerful. The media is an important vehicle for delivering this type of fear (Walsh, 2010). Media coverage of a terrorist attack can overplay the damages which could lead to government action that represses human rights and potentially result in public disapproval of government responses. Similarly, media coverage of terrorist attacks, often with graphic images and pro longed coverage can overplay the damages and thus invoke fear of a powerful and dangerous terrorist faction. According to Bockstette (2008), the Jihadist terrorist groups maintain a strategic communication system which is propagated via the media. The communication goals are three-fold. The first of the communication goals is to spread information about Islam to Muslims with a view to establishing and propagating a fixed idea about what it means to be a Muslim. The second communication goal is also directed toward Muslims and those who might question acts of violence on religious grounds.

Exploring Refugees religion continuity and change Essay

Exploring Refugees religion continuity and change - Essay Example She motivated me to participate on local and international events. I consider myself a lucky woman because I had the chance to come to the United States and experience the richness of the culture and knowledge. I was blessed to meet fantastic people who I learned something from each one of them. Through my study in University of Delaware, I have had the honor of taking many inspiring classes taught by intelligent, passionate, and caring professors, and I learned many things through my discussion with my friends and colleagues whom I had classes. During the past three years, my family and friends contributions were very essential on my emotional support. I could not have done any of this without their support, prayers, encouragement, and advices that helped me through stress and confusion. In addition, I am truly thankful for my friend Saied who encouraged me through tough time, and who was always there for me. He made sure to take care of my health problem, and volunteered to drive me for conducting the interviews. I would like to thank all the individuals who agreed to be interviewed. I greatly appreciate their hospitality to invite me to their houses, giving me their time, and speaking freely about their religion, rituals, challenges, and hopes. They gave me the opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of their lives. It is my hope that this research project help to promote a better image about Muslims, and that American gain better understanding for Muslim families. 24 I follow the same rituals same as back home. For example, I only eat halal food where we buy a whole slaughtered sheep and we keep it in the freezer. Also, I do not shake men’s hands, and people know I am a Muslim and these things are forbidden. (H, 39, 131) 60 The studies of Arab Muslim refugees in the United States are just in the beginning; research is needed on wellbeing of families. Refugees have more challenges than many other immigrants because of what they have experienced

How much Macbeths character changes during the course of the play Essay Example for Free

How much Macbeths character changes during the course of the play Essay By reference to three key scenes, shoe how much Macbeths character changes during the course of the play: Act I scene VII, Act III scene IV, Act V scene III The first we hear of Macbeth is when a bloodied soldier looking valiant after battle with great gaping wounds, describes a Great War hero: For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name. Shakespeare uses this speech to show Macbeths loyalty by saying he fought off a whole army and all for king and country. He also said their enemy ran away, then launched another attack and that Macbeth and Banquo fought it off even with their severe wounds: They meant to bath in reeking wounds And they still repelled the second attack, as though with renewed strength: So they doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe. We can see from this that Macbeth is a noble, loyal and trusted man, let alone a war hero. After Macbeth meets the witches, his personality begins to change. He becomes consumed with ambitions. In my understanding it was always there, like a petrol station with petrol running everywhere and leaky gas mains (always a fire hazard), the witches just threw in a Zippo. They had given him two predictions: 1) They greeted him as thane of Cawdor Hail thane of Cawdor (which he wasnt) 2) Then as king hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hear after. After meeting the witches, the Kings messenger came to him and named him thane of Cawdor. He is very surprised at this and writes a letter home to his wife telling her about the things the witches had said, how out of the blue he had become thane of Cawdor and even mentioned about becoming king. This is where Shakespeare introduses Macbeths more sinister side: Why do I yield to that suggestion whose horrid image doth unfix my hair and make my seated heart knock upon my ribs As we can see Macbeth is starting to think of murder. We get another insight into his character from Lady Macbeth. She says that she thinks that he will be too kind to actually commit murder, and that she will have to do most of it then persuade him: Yet I do fear thy nature it is too full o th milk of human kindness We can see from this quote that Macbeth has a conscience and that his wife believes that he would grieve afterwards. When Duncan arrives at Macbeths castle, a banquet is held. We can se in Macbeths opening soliloquy (a dramatic technique show the audience what he is thinking) that he doesnt want to carry on with the murder as he says Could trammel up consequences By Shakespeares use of the word trammel we can se he is thinking of death and if he could just be done with it and that was it, it would be fine but he knows there will be consequences for killing the king: Hear upon this bank and shoal of time, Wed jump thr life to come This shows that the Elizabethans believed in the after life. He also refers to the Elizabethan belief of the king being chosen by god: His virtues will plead like angels trumpet-tongued against the deep damnation of his taking off Later on in the scene we see that Macbeth doesnt want to go through with the murder and wants to call it off: We will proceed no further in this business And he gives three reasons he is his host as his host He is his kin I am his kinsman and his subject Duncan has been extremely kind to him Duncan hath borne his faculties so meek So to make Macbeth commit the murder Lady Macbeth taunts him and calls him a coward: When you durst do it then you were a man And at this Macbeth wants to do it to prove he is not a coward and we can see this from his next line: If we should fail showing he is thinking about the murder. Although Macbeth can wash Duncans blood from his hands he cannot wash it from his conscience: Will all great Neptunes oceans wash this blood clear from my hand? No Macbeth is duly crowned king Banquo reveals his suspicions about Macbeth in a soliloquy: Thou hast it now king, Cawdor, Glamis, all the wired women promised and I fear thou playdst most foully fort Macbeth holds a banquet and invites every one. After this Macbeth hires an assassin to kill Banquo and Fleance his son. Macbeth seems to be losing his moral standing the further he gets into the play. Banquo sacrifices his life to save his son and Fleance gets away. The assassin shows up at the banquet and stands at the door to give Macbeth the news there is blood upon thy face The murderer then seeks praise for the murder of Banquo: Macbeth then asks about Fleance and is agitated to hear that he is still alive: The worm thats fled hath nature in time will venom breed, no teeth for the time present Shakespeare uses a metaphor to show how Macbeth is afraid of Banquo and Fleance Macbeth then goes to sit down at the table but he thinks his place is taken and when the figure stands up it is the ghost of Banquo. No one else can see the ghost. It is only by Macbeths speeches that we can tell he can see a ghost. Macbeth is very scared and starts shouting but Lady Macbeth calms everything down. In a stage whisper, She calls him a coward and says that it is just like the dagger he saw pointing to Duncans room the ghost vanishes and he calms down and they send every one home saying he will be fine in the morning. Shakespeare usage of a ghost reflects king James fascination with the supernatural and the Elizabethans general belief in spirits and ghosts. He also uses stage whispers sililoquy and the idea of no one seeing the ghost except Macbeth, which could just be him hallucinating. So we are not entirely sure whether there really is a ghost there or the pressure of all the killing has got to him and he has flipped and had hallucinations. After this he is still paranoid and so to stop this he goes to see the witches again and this time the show him three visions. 1) Beware Macduff 2) None of woman bore shall harm Macbeth 3) Macbeth shall never vanquished be Until great Birnam wood comes to Dunsunane hill He is woken up by Lenox and decides to kill Macduff to be safe but he has fled to England to help Malcolm at this Macbeth is so angry he orders the assassins to kill his wife and kids and this shows a complete depletion of his morals. He as ordered assassins to go kill innocent children and women without a second thought. There has been a character reversal and now Macbeth has no morals and lady Macbeth as been driven mad with guilt. At the start, Macbeth would not kill Duncan and Lady Macbeth drove him to it. In the next scene Macbeth is getting hundreds of reports of the English force amassing on the horizon, but of-coarse he had the predications from the witches and feels confident. He doesnt worry about them Bring me no more reports, let them fly all. Till Birnam wood remove to Dunsinane This shows an air of self-confidence and pride. He even accuses Thanes that ran away of being false which was very ironic as he killed the king then fly false thanes. From his opening speech we can see he thinks he is invincible: The mind I sway by and the heart I bear shall never sag with doubt nor shake with fear. When his servant comes he is white and pale so Macbeth calls him lily liveried, because the Elizabethans believed that courage came from the liver. When the doctor said that there was no cure for lady Macbeth that she had to cure herself Macbeth insulted him, which is a valid point, as King James 1st didnt believe in doctors. Macduff and Malcolms army burst into the castle and the first wave come to find Macbeth and die until Macduff finds him and they fight. Macduff tells Macbeth he was born by caesarean section and so was not born of woman and he kills Macbeth. In conclusion I would say that Macbeths character changes drastically throughout the play. At the start he is a good and noble soldier who would never betray the king but gets persuaded easily by his wife. Then as the story progresses we see him start to lose morals as he orders the killing of Banquo on his own but is still upset about it, we can see that because of his hallucinations (seeing the ghost). Then he orders the killing of lady Macduff and her children showing he has gone of the scale and is totally evil. Whilst fighting Macduff he is arrogant and spares his life at one point in the fight. So when Macbeth is told that Macduff is not born of women he is shocked and dies a wicked fool. So we see the down fall of such a brave character we saw at the start because of a few predictions and the ambition. For if he saw what being king would do to him I doubt he would have wanted to be king and would have been contented but was tricked by the evil of the witches.

Separation of Father and Son in Genesis Essay -- Holy Bible Genesis Es

"Who is YHWH? However we interpret it, the Name of God means ultimate dominion: He-Whom-There-Is-No-Escaping." ~Thomas Cahill, The Gifts of the Jews1 Ultimate dominion, that God’s rule is final, is the heart and soul of the Book of Genesis. In the beginning there was God; later, God created man (Gen. 1.1, 1.27).2 But how does God’s ultimate dominion affect the relationship that develops between God and man? Several times in Genesis God makes a covenant with man (Gen. 6.18, 17.2-8, 28.13-14). Explicit in this agreement, man is put in charge of perpetuating God’s covenant, or in essence perpetuating the Israelite race. On the one hand, then, it is the father’s job to impart knowledge of this important relationship to his son. On the other hand, the son must also take an active role in learning about and connecting with God. To do so, however, the son is forced to separate himself from his father in order to establish a singular or individual relationship with God. Juggling the father’s role and the son’s role in the passing of the faith from one generation to the next creates a tension t hat at first seems to put a strain on the ultimate dominion of God. It is this very tension, however, that reinforces God as the preeminent being. Examining this relationship of father and son for every male character throughout Genesis would prove overly exhaustive and unnecessary. In fact, the characters themselves are not of singular importance to the doctrine of Genesis. Rather, it is the formula of separation that emerges as the larger "lesson," so to speak, inherent in Genesis. This formula can be derived through an extensive comparison of two primary characters, which, of course, can then be extrapolated to incorporate othe... ... As we have seen, the separation of father from son in Genesis is necessary so that the son can develop an equally personal relationship with God and, in turn, sustain an equally living and vital knowledge of God as the absolute provider and father. Further, the more radical the separation the more strongly impressed in the son’s mind becomes the separation and, in turn, the ultimate dominion of God. It is little wonder, then, that the Hebrew interpretation of God, YHWH, has been carried through hundreds of generations and survived great epochs—after all, YHWH is "He-Whom-There-Is-No-Escaping" (Cahill 113). Works Cited 1. Thomas Cahill, The Gifts of the Jews: How a Tribe of Desert Nomads Changed the Way Everyone Thinks and Feels (New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1998), 113. 2. The Holy Bible, Authorized (King James) Version.

Glmaorizing Teen Pregnancy Essay

Media, specifically television has taken the issue of teen pregnancy to a whole other level. The shows 16 and Pregnant, Teen Mom, and The Secret Life of the American Teenager document the lives of young teenage girls facing the issue of being a pregnant teenager. Originally created to show the controversial subject of teen pregnancy, all of these shows soon began to change. As the seasons continued in all three of these shows, the controversial subject of teen pregnancy soon became a glorifying concept. What was first viewed as just a fantasy is now becoming a reality for many teenagers. Viewers of these shows are now seeing that teen pregnancy isn’t all that bad; it may even be considered normal according to MTV and ABC Family. The â€Å"teenage celebrities† on these shows are making it through life just fine; portraying that anyone else can too. Yes, these teenagers may have faced hard times in the beginning, but at the end of the day, their lives are unrealistically viewed as ordinary. Both MTV and ABC Family depict the lifestyle of being a pregnant teenager to be somewhat glamorizing. The reality television show 16 and Pregnant was first aired on MTV on June 11, 2009. This show follows the stories of four pregnant teenage girls [Farrah, Maci, Amber and Catelynn] that are in high school dealing with the hardships of teenage pregnancy. â€Å"Each episode follows a five to seven month period in the life of a teenager as she navigates the bumpy terrain of adolescence, growing pains, rebellion, and coming of age; all while dealing with being pregnant† (MTV. com). During the first few episodes of season one, the struggles of dealing with teenage pregnancy seemed difficult and nearly impossible. MTV portrayed each girl as if they were not going to make it through this crisis they were about to face, and their lives were soon coming to an end because being a pregnant teen was not acceptable. As the show continued and episodes passed, these so called â€Å"hardships†, no longer seemed to be that difficult. With all the support from their families and/or boyfriends that they received, these teenage girls were able to get through this bump in the road pretty well. Not only did they get support from people they knew, they received the most of their support from MTV. While teenage pregnancy might have started out rough, becoming an MTV celebrity could not have been too bad. According to Arienne Thompson, author of â€Å"16, Pregnant †¦ and Famous: Teem Moms Are TV’s New Stars†, â€Å"All four women are mainstays on USA TODAY’s Celebrity Heat Index, which measures media exposure; Portwood [Amber] topped the list for October, beating out Angelina Jolie and Prince William. The moms are regularly on the covers of People and Us Weekly and have Facebook fan pages dedicated to them† (USA Today). Putting the stars of these reality shows on a magazine cover puts them in the same place as any other famous person. The message that is being sent out to girls is that if they get pregnant as a result of being sexually active, then they too can end up on TV or on a magazine cover. Being sixteen and pregnant may not be the most ideal lifestyle, but becoming more popular than an experienced, well-known actress at the age of sixteen is another story. Viewers of 16 and Pregnant now see that if they become pregnant at a young age, they also can have the chance to become famous alike Farrah, Maci, Amber and Catelynn did. MTV did not decide to stop there though. As if these girls were not famous enough, as a continuation of 16 and Pregnant, MTV aired Teen Mom on December 8, 2009, only six short months after the broadcast of 16 and Pregnant took place. This show takes the four teenagers from 16 and Pregnant, and documents their first few years of motherhood. Receiving more attention than before, MTV has millions of viewers watching Teen Mom each week, making these â€Å"teenage celebrities† even more famous. Teen Mom executive producer Morgan J. Freeman says, â€Å"The concern for teens, however, is what else they may see in the show. While the Teen Mom stars have their share of struggles on the small screen each week, paparazzi shots and tabloid covers manage to rip them out of the context of MTV and place them in the realm of celebrity† (USA Today). Even celebrities agree that the characters on these shows are becoming too idolized. â€Å"Kim Kardashian boldly states that â€Å"It seems like shows like ‘Teen Mom’ are all of a sudden making teen pregnancy look cool in the eyes of young girls. She even goes a step farther and says that the girls from the shows â€Å"have become almost like celebrities, but girls these are not people you should idolize! †Ã¢â‚¬  (Jadebt13). Along with MTV, ABC Family decided to air a show following the life of a pregnant teenager. On, July 1, 2008, ABC Family aired the show, The Secret Life of the American Teenager, which became the network’s most watched series in the 12-34 demographic (McKay 1). This show follows the character Amy Jergen through her pregnant life, and also through her life of being a mother. In the first season, Amy realizes that she has become pregnant, and does not know how to tell her friends or family. This season shows the struggles that Amy faces while being pregnant, but as the season comes to an end, life become simpler to Amy. The Secret Life of the American Teenagers glamorizes her teen pregnancy by having the schools marching band play their instruments as Amy first returns back to school after finding out that she has become pregnant [which is a little unrealistic]. Not only does this event take place, but also Amy’s boyfriend, which is not the father of her soon to be son, proposes the idea of getting married and helping her take care of the baby. At the start of the second season, Amy has her baby boy, named John. With the birth of John everything soon turned into a fairytale ending, and her life completely turned around; her boyfriend problems fall into place, and she started to receive support from her family, friends and community. This season sent out the message to its viewers that if you become pregnant as a teenager, you will have support from surrounding people, when that is not always the case. In conclusion, television is glamorizing the lifestyle of pregnant teenagers. The shows 16 and Pregnant, Teen Mom, and The Secret Life of the American Teenager all have different story lines to them, but in the end, they all show that some good can come out of being a pregnant teen. 6 and Pregnant and Teen Mom are both reality television shows that idolize the glamour of being pregnant by the publicizing these girls not only on MTV, but also in outside sources such as magazines. The Secret Life of the American Teenager on the other hand, is a scripted television show that depicts teen pregnancy as being a joy, fun, and simple by showing how great life can be having a baby at such a young age. Both MTV and ABC Family chose to air similar concept shows around the same time period that glamorized teen pregnancy when r ealistic having a baby in your teen years is not ideal, nor a pleasure.